Understanding Cultural appropriation in the context of Zimbabwean art and designs

Research project: Understanding Cultural appropriation in the context of Zimbabwean art and designs refers to using elements of one culture by members of another culture, usually without permission or understanding of the original context. In art, this concept has sparked significant debate, particularly regarding issues of power dynamics, respect, and creativity. Appropriation often involves borrowing symbols, motifs, styles, or practices from a marginalised culture, by artists who do not belong to that culture. Some examples include incorporating Indigenous designs, traditional patterns, or spiritual practices into artworks or performances. Historically, art has been influenced by cross-cultural interactions. However, appropriation becomes problematic when it prospers without acknowledgement or respect.

IMG: Andre Van Rooyen

 Key Discussions in Art 

1. Ethics and Power Imbalance:  Critics argue that cultural appropriation reinforces systemic inequalities. Dominant cultures often benefit economically and socially by using elements from marginalized groups, while the originating cultures may face stereotyping or erasure here I am looking at the Njelele shrine for example. 

2. Respect vs. Exploitation:  When cultural symbols carry sacred or significant meanings, using them in art without understanding can be seen as disrespectful.  An artist might view it as a homage, but members of the originating culture may perceive it as theft or trivialization, the rock painting is another example. 

3. Originality and Influence:  Defenders of cultural borrowing such as Galleries etc. suggest that all art draws inspiration from diverse sources and that cross-cultural exchange enriches artistic expression. The distinction between respectful inspiration and exploitative appropriation is a nuanced and a subjective debate. 

4. Representation and Voice:  Another critique is that appropriation can silence voices from the originating culture. For example, when a non-Indigenous artist profits from Indigenous art styles, they may overshadow Indigenous artists working within their own traditions. 

5. Economic Implications:  The economic gains often flow disproportionately to those outside the culture. 

For instance, major fashion brands have been criticized for copying traditional designs without compensating the communities they derive from. Examples in Art and Controversy 

• Fashion: Designers using Indigenous beadwork or Designs from painted huts. 

• Visual Art: Artists incorporating tribal or spiritual iconography without crediting its source. 

 Moving Toward Ethical Art Practices 

1. Collaboration: To avoid this, institutions through their curators and artists need to engage and compensate members of the source culture can lead to respectful and authentic representations. 

2. Acknowledgment:  Giving credit to cultural inspirations and learning their significance reduces harm. 3. Empowerment: Highlighting and supporting artists from the culture being borrowed fosters equity and representation. 

Conclusion: Cultural appropriation in art is a deeply complex issue involving respect, creativity, and power dynamics. While cultural exchange is intrinsic to human expression, it is crucial to navigate these interactions ethically to honour the origins and voices of the cultures involved.

Cliford Zulu is an Independent Curator working and based in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.